Flashcards: Thermodynamics questions

term "thermodynamics" was first used in the publication of

indicates that rate of heat conduction in a direction is proportional to the temperature gradient in that direction

when a body is resistant to heat, it is called

boundary of a control volume, which may either real or imaginary

best conductor of heat

amount of energy needed to change a given mass of ice to water at constant temperature

refers to the portion of the internal energy of a system associated with kinetic energies of molecules

second law of thermodynamic, which state that no heat engine can have a thermal efficiency of 100%

second law of thermodynamic, which state that no device can transfer heat from cooler body to a warmer one without leaving an effect on surroundings

if a system at chemical equilibrium is distrubuted by some stress, the system goes to a new equilibrium condition to relieve stress

law that if a process can be written as the sum of several stepwise processes, the enthalpy change the total process equals sum of the enthalphy changes of various steps

formulated the zeroth law of thermodynamics

coined the word "energy"

the amount of light output in lumens per watts of electricity consumed

carnot cycle is composed of how many reversible processes

processes involved in Carnot cycle

heat transfer by mixing

during adiabatic, internally reversible process, entropy is

effects of viscosity of liquids

invented the barometer

random motion of particles suspended in a fluid is called

formation of pockets of gas in a liquid

volume of a definite quantity of dry gas is inversely proporional to pressure provided temperature remains constant

bimetallic strip commonly found in home furnace thermostats uses

area of thermodynamics concerned with measuring of thermal properties

when water is warmed from 0 degrees Celsius to 6 degrees Celsius

temperature when water and vapor are in equilibrium with atmospheric pressure

terms refer to amount of heat needed to raise temperature of a unit mass of substance through one degree

Free Expansion Process

temperature of gas measures the

produced mathematical theory of wave mechanics where solution to his equations involve assigning integers to different parameters

law of thermodynamics which leads to definition of entropy

as temperature goes 0, entropy approaches a constant

if you open the refrigerator door of a well insulated kitchen, the room will

the temperature of drops when they collide and combine without exchanging energy with their environment

amount of heat required to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius

has greatest influence on overall efficiency of conventional electric generating station burning fossil fuels

energy of molecular motion in a gas

deposition of radiant energy as heat into an absorbing body

universe will be at the same temperature everywhere

laws of thermodynamics often invoked to discredit attempts at perpetual motion

some heat transfer occurs in a reversible polytropic process (true or false)

operates the reverse of the heat engine

property of a substance which remains constant if no heat enters of leaves the system

phenomenon of melting under pressure and freezing again when pressure is reduced

british thermal unit, or BTU is the amount of heat required to raise on pound of this material; one degree fahrenheit

part of a nuclear power plant that prevents thermal pollution of lakes or rivers

heat is transferred in extra-terrestrial space by

four cycle internal combustion automobile engine operates in this cycle

a carnot cycle made to run backwards

internal energy of a perfect gas depends on

processes which occur without the addition or withdrawal of heat from surrounding

in regions where fluid velocity is smaller, the pressure is higher, and vice versa

diffusion due to thermal motion

two different gases have same volume, temperature, and pressure and behave like ideal gases also has identical

cycle which eventually return to first state of the first process

fixed quantity of mass selected for the purpose of study

not all energy received as heat by a heat-engine cycle can be converted into mechanical work, some are also rejected

law states that total volume of a mixture of non reacting gases is equal to sum of partial volumes

variable that is a function of enthalpy and entropy of the system

solubility of gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the solution

minimum amount of radioactive amterial needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction

heat engine whose thermodynamic efficiency is greater than that of a carnot device using the same energy reservoir

reversible process used to form a carnot cycle

area under the curve on a temperature-entropy diagram

increasing the temperature of an ideal gas increases

energy stored in a substance by virtue of the activity and configuration of its molecules and of vibration of atoms within molecules

known as total heat and heat content at various times in history and represents the useful energy of a substance

specific property is also

the quantity of the substance leaving the system is equal to the substance entering the system

pressure of a given quantity of has is held constant

states that a constant pressure and temperature, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles

refers to heat needed to change the temperature of the substances without changing its phase

refers to amount of energy absorbed or released during phase-change process

refers to the transfer of energy between a solid surface and the adjacent fluid that is in motion

defined as the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius

what happens to the internal energy of water at reference temperature where enthalpy is zero

entropy of all perfect crystalline solids is zero at absolute zero temperature

what should be the temperature of both water and steam whenever they are present together

radiation emitted must be equal the radiation absorbed at equilibrium

predicts the approximate molar specific heat at high temperatures from the atomic weight

ideal gas whose specific heats area constant

state of a simple compressible system is completely specified by two independent intensive properties

theory that heat consisted of a fluid, which could be transferred from one body to another, but not created or destroyed

compare adiabatic process to an isentropic process

the temperature at which the water vapor in the glue gas begins to condense in a constant pressure process

developed third law of thermodynamics

total volume of a mixture of nonreacting gases is equal to the sum of the partial volumes

thermal inertia of a thermodynamic system is known as

at what temperature is celsius and fahrenheit numerically the same

1st law of thermodynamics

process that has no heat transfer

theory of changing heat into mechanical work